Marking scheme lymphatic question

(b)(i)    Able to state the meaning of lymph

Sample answer:

 - a (pale) fluid within the lymphatic system

             - composed primarily of interstitial fluid and  lymphocytes.

  

 (b)(ii)   Able to describe how lymph is formed from blood until it is incorporated back into the

            blood circulatory system.

Sample Answer :

P1: When the blood flows from arteries into capillaries, there is higher hydrostatic 

      pressure at the arterial end of the capillaries

P2: (This high pressure) forces some plasma to pass through the capillary walls into the

      intercellular spaces (between the cells)  by ultrafiltration process.

P3: Once the fluid leaves the capillary walls, it is called interstitial or tissue fluid // The

       interstitial fluid fills the spaces between the cells and constantly bathes the cells

P4: 90% of the interstitial fluid diffuses back into blood capillary

P5: 10% of the interstitial fluid that has not been reabsorbed into the bloodstream goes

       into the lymph capillaries.(Once inside the lymph capillaries) the fluid is known as

       lymph.

P6: The lymph capillaries unite to form larger lymphatic vessels.

P7: From the lymphatic vessels, lymph eventually passes into one of two main channels,

       the thoracic duct or the right lymphatic duct.

P8: The right lymphatic duct( receives lymph from the right arm, shoulder area, and the

       right side of the head and neck) and empties Its lymph into the right subclavian vein.

P9: The thoracic duct (receives lymph from the left of the head, neck and chest, the

       upper limb and the entire body below the ribs) and empties its lymph into the left

       subclavian vein.

P10:Hence, lymph  drains back into the blood circulatory system from / by subclavian

        vein.

Do your best. Study smart. Practice makes perfect

Madam Boon @ Embun Bt. Eli

Bengkel dan Teknik Menjawab Biologi 2011

Demi untuk mengekalkan 100% untuk tahun kelima bertutut-turut tahun depan dalam Biologi, bengkel dan teknik menjawab Biologi kertas 1 dan 2 telah diadakan pada 20/7/11 dan bengkel dan teknik kertas 3 pada 27/7/11 yang diberikan oleh guru biologi SMKTTJ sendiri. Bengkel dan teknik telah diadakan di makmal Biologi 1. Semoga segala usaha memberikan imbangan yang setimpal.

 

Pelajar-pelajar yang dikasihi, semoga berjaya didalam SPM 2011 yang bakal menjelang tiba. Wish you all, "Good Luck."

Biology Quiz ..!! try it ..!! lots of fun !

Importance of Biology

Biology, to put it simply, is the study of life. It has to do with finding out facts about all living things, which are basically categorized into plants and animals.

Why do we need to study plants? Plants are of use to us as humans and this as necessitated carrying out studies on them, to find out how to get even more benefits from them. They are of use to us for feeding (rice,beans,potatoes,tomatoes etcetera), medicine (various kinds of herbs serve the purpose of performing one curative function or the other, in the body,when taken in different forms), shelter (almost all the materials we use in the construction of the houses we live in, come from plants. Wood, for instance, is used in roofing construction and furniture construction) and for other uses like air purification (plants make use of carbondioxide, a substance which humans and other animals produce as by-product of respiration, and this helps in purifying the atmosphere, as this element can be damaging to human health)

Why do we need to study animals? As stated above, that carbondioxide is useless for the human body to carry out day-to-day living activities, it is biology that revealed this fact. Several other studies have revealed facts that are beneficial to human beings and other animals in the area of nutrition and health.

Biology is seen as the most important area of study and this will continue to be the most important, as it is the area that has revealed facts that have taken us where we are today. It is important to note here that all the success recorded in other fields of study is dependent on the facts revealed by the studies carried out in the field of biology.

Panitia Biologi

Biology is a natural science concerned with the study of life and living organisms, including their structure, function, growth, origin, evolution, distribution, and taxonomy.^[1] Biology is a vast subject containing many subdivisions, topics, and disciplines. Among the most important topics are five unifying principles that can be said to be the fundamental axioms of modern biology:^[2]

1. Cells are the basic unit of life
2. New species and inherited traits are the product of evolution
3. Genes are the basic unit of heredity
4. An organism regulates its internal environment to maintain a stable and constant condition
5. Living organisms consume and transform energy.

Subdisciplines of biology are recognized on the basis of the scale at which organisms are studied and the methods used to study them: biochemistry examines the rudimentary chemistry of life; molecular biology studies the complex interactions of systems of biological molecules; cellular biology examines the basic building block of all life, the cell; physiology examines the physical and chemical functions of the tissues, organs, and organ systems of an organism; and ecology examines how various organisms interact and associate with their environment.^[3]